![]() Kenneth McIntosh was announced in the New York Times‘s social register on the same page as the wedding of Chicago’s Mayor Daley. So, long before Peggy McIntosh wrote her paper, her family was already having an outsized effect on Western culture.Įlizabeth Vance Means then attended Radcliffe, a renowned finishing school for the daughters of America’s patrician elites, and continued her private education at the University of London (ranked in the top 50 by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings), before completing her English Doctorate at Harvard. ![]() This device is the direct progenitor of ROM computer memory, and is cited in the latter’s patent filed in 1965 for IBM. Means is also recorded as the inventor of a patent held by Nokia Bell in 1959 known as the Information Storage Arrangement. Patent #US2615961A) which now helps to guide nuclear missiles and commercial jets, and which keeps satellites in place so you can navigate with your phone and communicate with your Uber driver. Means personally held-and sold patents on-many very lucrative technologies, including early magnetic Gyro-compass equipment (U.S. At that time, Bell Labs were the world leaders in the nascent digital computing revolution. Means, the head of Bell Laboratories electronic switching department during the late 1950s. She grew up in Summit, New Jersey where the median income is quadruple the American national average-that is to say that half the incomes there are more than four times the national average, some of them substantially so. Peggy McIntosh was born Elisabeth Vance Means in 1934. So let us return to the source and to first principles and unpack Peggy McIntosh’s knapsack… But it is for this very reason that it is important to subject McIntosh’s ideas to scrutiny. So central has this doctrine become to progressive politics, pedagogy, and activism, that to even question its validity is to invite the inquisitorial wrath of ‘social justice’ radicals. ![]() This hugely influential paper has been responsible for the subsequent proliferation of a rigidly enforced theory of privilege throughout social movements and university classrooms. The concept of ‘white privilege’ was popularized by Peggy McIntosh in a 1989 paper written at Harvard University and titled, “White Privilege: Unpacking The Invisible Knapsack.” It was written as a personal, experiential essay, and it details 26 ways in which McIntosh’s skin color has been decisive in determining her life outcomes. Peggy McIntosh, quoted in the Racial Equity Resource Guide Generally white people who experience such privilege do so without being conscious of it. The unquestioned and unearned set of advantages, entitlements, benefits, and choices bestowed upon people solely because they are white.
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